|
George Soros ( or ; (ハンガリー語:Soros György); ; born August 12, 1930, as Schwartz György) is a Hungarian-born American〔Naturalized USA citizen on December 18, 1961 – http://www.nndb.com/people/293/000023224/〕 business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. He is chairman of Soros Fund Management. He is known as "The Man Who Broke the Bank of England" because of his short sale of worth of pounds, making him a profit of $1 billion during the 1992 Black Wednesday UK currency crisis.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A brief history of... Black Wednesday )〕〔〔(George Soros FAQ ). GeorgeSoros.com〕 Soros is one of the 30 richest people in the world.〔 Note that this site is updated daily.〕 Soros is a well known supporter of progressive–liberal political causes.〔Shawcross, William (September 1, 1997). ("Turning Dollars into Change" ). ''Time''.〕 Between 1979 and 2015 Soros donated more than $11 billion to various philanthropic causes.〔http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2015/9/14/philanthropy-vs-tyranny-inside-the-open-society-foundations.html〕 He played a significant role in the peaceful transition from communism to capitalism in Eastern Europe (1984–89) and provided one of Europe's largest higher education endowments to Central European University in Budapest.〔("Hungary: Soros Donates $250 Million to University in Budapest" ). ''IPR Strategic Business Information Database''. Info Prod Research. October 16, 2001.〕 Soros is also the chairman of the Open Society Foundations. ==Early life== Soros was born in Budapest, Hungary, to a nonobservant Jewish family. His mother, Elizabeth (also known as Erzsébet), came from a family that owned a thriving silk shop. His father, Tivadar, (also known as Teodoro) was a lawyer〔(''The New Yorker'': THE MONEY MAN by JANE MAYER: Can George Soros's millions insure the defeat of President Bush? ) October 18, 2004.〕 and had been a prisoner of war during and after World War I until he escaped from Russia and rejoined his family in Budapest.〔Kaufman, Michael T. (2002). ''Soros: The Life and Times of a Messianic Billionaire''. Alfred A. Knopf.〕 The two married in 1924. Tivadar was an Esperantist writer and taught Soros to speak Esperanto in his childhood. Soros later said that he grew up in a Jewish home and that his parents were cautious with their religious roots.〔Slater, Robert (1995). ''Soros: The Unauthorized Biography''. McGraw-Hill, p. 30.〕 In 1936, his father changed the family name from ''Schwartz'' ("black" in German) to ''Soros'' (''a successor'' in Hungarian or ''will soar'' in Esperanto). Soros was 13 years old in March 1944 when Nazi Germany occupied Hungary.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Holocaust Encyclopedia )〕 When Jewish children were barred from attending school by the Nazis, Soros and the other schoolchildren were made to report to the Jewish Council, which had been established during the occupation. Soros later described this time to writer Michael Lewis: The Jewish Council asked the little kids to hand out the deportation notices. I was told to go to the Jewish Council. And there I was given these small slips of paper.... It said report to the rabbi seminary at 9 am... And I was given this list of names. I took this piece of paper to my father. He instantly recognized it. This was a list of Hungarian Jewish lawyers. He said, "You deliver the slips of paper and tell the people that if they report they will be deported."〔Lewis, Michael (January 10, 1994), "The Speculator: What on earth is multibillionaire George Soros doing throwing wads of money around in Eastern Europe?", ''The New Republic''. See also Kaufman, Michael T., ''Soros: The Life and Times of a Messianic Billionaire'', Alfred A. Knopf: 2002, pp. 32–33.〕 Soros did not return to that job and went into hiding the next day. Later that year, at age 14, Soros lived with and posed as the godson of an employee of the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture. The official was at one point ordered to inventory the remaining contents of the estate of a wealthy Jewish family that had fled the country; rather than leave Soros alone in the city, the official brought him along.〔Kaufman, Michael T., ''Soros: The Life and Times of a Messianic Billionaire'', p. 37.〕 The next year, 1945, Soros survived the Battle of Budapest, in which Soviet and German forces fought house to house through the city. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Soros」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|